Five years ago, we said goodbye to our country home, a place I cherished deeply. For 20 years, my husband and I poured our hearts into transforming an overgrown mess of weeds and old Tokay grape vines into beautiful gardens. But as the years passed, keeping up with it became harder, especially in the summer heat and with physical limitations. So, we made the tough choice to sell and move to a milder climate we loved visiting.
Three and a half years later, we returned to the Central Valley, opting for a smaller, more manageable home and yards. In January 2023, we found a house that needed total renovation, inside and out. While renovating indoors, we took time to observe the sun exposure throughout each season, microclimates, drainage issues, and soil in the front and back yards.
After a year of observing and planning, we were ready to start the landscape project. The front landscape was completed in March, and I am ready to share our journey—the what and why of our choices and the process of the project.
The Front Yard Landscape Journey Begins
Identifying The Existing Front Landscape and Exterior Issues
The front yard, facing south, was a sight to behold for all the wrong reasons. Overgrown foundation shrubs, and a lawn overrun by Bermudagrass, bindweed, dandelions, and a myriad of other weeds. Adding to the woes, the sidewalk to the porch had settled in one spot, forming a troublesome low area that would collect water whenever it rained or the sprinklers did their job. The rain gutters were long overdue for replacement, and a fresh coat of exterior paint was desperately needed. Additionally, the tile on the front porch was a hazard when wet, requiring immediate replacement. Maneuvering around parked vehicles in the narrow driveway made accessing the sidewalk leading to the porch a cumbersome task.
Our Observations and the Plan Develops
With a commitment to water conservation in mind, we decided to forgo having a traditional lawn in our new front-yard landscape. Instead, we aimed to incorporate our surroundings with a selected color palette, captivating textures, fragrance, and dynamic movement through carefully selected plants. To bring these ideas to fruition, I methodically crafted a list of preferred plants and sketched out concepts for a revamped layout, envisioning a new sidewalk, a wider driveway, and the addition of a cozy sitting area.
Unlike our previous endeavor on our country property, which we tackled ourselves 25 years ago, we made the deliberate choice to enlist the expertise of a landscape contractor this time around. Additionally, recognizing the value of professional insight, we engaged the services of a landscape architect to translate my ideas into a detailed plan that the contractor could then execute, ensuring that my vision would be realized with precision and expertise.
Essential Preparations Before Embarking on the Project
Prior to engaging a landscape architect, several key tasks demanded our attention. First and foremost, we needed to address the urgent matters of replacing the gutters, refreshing the exterior paint, re-tiling the front porch and eradicating the Bermudagrass. These were crucial prerequisites to be completed before diving into the landscaping project. With these items satisfactorily checked off our list, I could then shift my focus to the exciting task of selecting the perfect plants for our new landscape design.
Inspired by the All Stars—Selecting the Plants
Some years back, I volunteered time tending to the "All Star" garden, nestled within the gardens at the Robert Cabral Agricultural Center in Stockton. This experience sparked a deep appreciation for the diverse array of plants showcased there, particularly those designated as UC Davis Arboretum All Stars. Eager to enhance my own yard with the beauty and resilience of these plants, I set out to incorporate as many as possible into my landscape design.
For those who haven't had the pleasure of exploring the gardens at the Robert Cabral Agricultural Center, I highly recommend taking a leisurely stroll through its various demonstration gardens. Open every day year-round, it offers a delightful escape and serves as a treasure trove of inspiration for garden enthusiasts. The "All Stars" selection consists of plants handpicked for their adaptability and thriving nature in Yolo, Sacramento, and San Joaquin Counties.
For those interested in discovering these remarkable plants firsthand, I encourage you to visit the UC Davis Arboretum and the All Stars webpage for more information and inspiration. It's a valuable resource for anyone seeking to elevate their garden with resilient and beautiful flora. The first article in this newsletter includes fascinating information on the All-Stars.
I aimed for a serene ambiance in my yard, envisioning a cool color palette dominated by shades of white, purple, blue, and pink. It was important that there would be fragrance and blooms to admire and attract pollinators throughout the year. I prioritized incorporating plants with diverse textures and graceful movement, all while maintaining a low irrigation frequency—just twice a month during the summer once they were established.
By understanding my planting zone and carefully studying the unique microclimates of my property, I significantly bolstered the success of my plantings. If you're curious to learn more about planting zones and how to navigate microclimates effectively, I delved into these topics in detail in my previous newsletter article. Be sure to check it out for valuable insights and guidance! “Maximizing Plant Success: Understanding Your Planting Zone and Microclimates” .
To organize the selection process, I developed a spreadsheet. It cataloged each plant's common and scientific names, mature size, sun requirements, irrigation needs, plant type (shrub, perennial, or ground cover), bloom color and season, required maintenance, and note sections for additional details. Armed with this comprehensive resource, I curated a list of plants that aligned with my irrigation criteria and aesthetic vision. By immersing myself in the cultural requirements of each species, I gained valuable insights into their suitability for my landscape and the nuances of the microclimates present in my front yard.
Design Layout and Obtaining Quotes
To commence our landscape design process, we began by measuring the area and translating it onto graph paper. With the front yard area drawn out, we expanded the driveway slightly and delineated a new cement path to the front porch and a small patio that allows us to sit and enjoy the garden. Armed with cut-out templates representing the mature width of our chosen plants, we strategically positioned them within the design.
These templates were invaluable tools, allowing us to experiment with various placements to ensure not only perfect spacing but also optimal height, color, and seasonal bloom alignment. With my husband fully invested in the design, we shifted our focus to finding a reputable landscape architect.
When selecting a licensed landscape architect, we prioritized those with glowing references not just from homeowners but also from landscape contractors. Fortunately, our neighbor—a recently retired and esteemed landscape contractor—was able to recommend a highly regarded professional in the field. He proved to be a collaborative partner, attentive to our preferences, and adept at translating our vision into tangible plans.
He provided us with thoroughly crafted design plans encompassing hardscape layouts and construction specifications, plant placements, irrigation plans complete with specifications, and a detailed lighting plan and specifications. Armed with comprehensive plans, we were well-equipped to solicit quotes and ensure the job would be executed precisely as envisioned. Our landscape architect graciously recommended three licensed landscape contractors with whom he had collaborated and whose craftmanship he admired. After putting the project out to bid, we ultimately chose one to bring our vision to life.
Eradication of the Bermudagrass
Ensuring the eradication of Bermudagrass and other weeds was paramount before any work could commence. Bermudagrass, known for its resilience, posed a formidable challenge to eliminate. It required a prolonged and diligent effort on my husband's part to effectively eradicate it. Once this task was accomplished, the contractor proceeded with the demolition of the existing hardscape and landscape.
For those seeking comprehensive information on managing this invasive weed, I recommend consulting the resources provided by the University of California Integrated Pest Management (UC IPM). They offer valuable insights and strategies for dealing with Bermudagrass and other persistent weeds. You can access their resources through the following link: https://ipm.ucanr.edu/pmg/pestnotes/pn7453.html
With the contractor leading his team of skilled workers, the demolition phase kicked off with vigor. The forlorn concrete walkway was swiftly removed, along with the overgrown foundation shrubs, and the now dead Bermuda grass and weeds were stripped away, now lifeless remnants of the past. We start with a clean site—no plants and no trees.
Following this effort, the installation of irrigation pipes commenced, along with the creation of a brand-new walkway leading to the porch and the pouring of a spacious 12'x12' concrete sitting patio. Meanwhile, the soil underwent a thorough tilling, and was enriched with carefully selected soil amendments and nutrient-rich compost, all prescribed to the landscape architect's detailed specifications. With the groundwork thoroughly laid, the stage was set for the exciting installation of the carefully curated plants.
Change orders to the contract are a natural part of any landscaping project. As the project progresses and takes shape, it's common to have new ideas or identify needs that weren't initially anticipated. In our case, one such change involved the addition of a privacy screen for the sitting patio.
For those familiar with me, it's no secret that I have a deep appreciation for roses. My husband shares this sentiment, particularly favoring the Fourth of July climbing rose. It seemed like the perfect choice to adorn our privacy screen, not only adding a touch of beauty but also providing shade from the intense afternoon sun for the sitting area but also the seven Heucheras planted at the base on the opposite side.
Sourcing the Desired Plants
Aware of the potential challenges in sourcing certain UC Davis Arboretum All Stars, I took proactive steps by purchasing several during the UCD Arboretum's last public sale of 2023. Understanding that nurturing them in pots for several months would be necessary, I embraced the opportunity, knowing that certain plants might be difficult to find elsewhere.
Opting to personally select and procure my plants allowed me greater control over the varieties and quality of the specimens. Rather than relying solely on suppliers or my contractor, I took matters into my own hands, determined to secure the perfect additions to my landscape. As it turned out, I did have to substitute many choices. Out of the over 100 plants purchased, only 36 plants were UCD Arboretum All Stars.
Over the span of a week, my husband and I embarked on a journey across San Joaquin and Sacramento counties, exploring various nurseries in search of the ideal plants to bring our vision to life.
With the plants now installed and irrigation system in place, the contractor proceeded to lay down mulch. While I ideally would have preferred arborist chips, logistical constraints made it impractical at the time. Instead, fir walk-on mulch was spread directly onto the soil, reaching a depth of three to four inches.
For those interested in delving deeper into the world of mulches, I highly recommend watching a training video Mulches: The Good, The Bad, and The Really, Really Ugly by Dr. Linda Chalker-Scott, available through the Oregon University Extension Master Gardener program. In this informative session, Dr. Chalker-Scott provides valuable insights into the various types of mulches and their benefits and what you don't want to use. So, grab a cup of your favorite coffee or tea, and take 55 minutes to absorb the wealth of knowledge she has to offer. It's time well spent for any gardening enthusiast!
When collaborating with our landscape architect, I placed particular emphasis on irrigation. Specifically, I requested the use of inline drip tubing, a method where drip emitters are seamlessly integrated into the tubing at regular intervals during manufacturing. To ensure uniform watering and optimal hydration for every plant, I insisted on encircling each plant with the tubing, as illustrated in the irrigation plan diagram. The exception is two sections of creeping thyme ground cover that is irrigated with pop-up sprinklers.
In addition to the irrigation layout, a smart irrigation controller was installed that offers unparalleled convenience and efficiency. This innovative controller can be easily managed from my iPad or smartphone, allowing me to fine-tune watering schedules remotely. By linking the controller to a local weather station, I've empowered it to automatically adjust watering parameters based on real-time weather conditions. This intelligent system not only conserves water by skipping irrigation during rain but also factors in wind and excessive heat to optimize plant health and minimize water wastage.
During the crucial establishment phase in the first year, diligent monitoring is essential. Plants require close attention, particularly in adjusting irrigation frequency as they acclimate to their new environment. This vigilance becomes especially vital during periods of rising temperatures or windy days when plants are more susceptible to dehydration. Also, it is important to monitor the depth of the water penetration and adjust the irrigation timing accordingly.
The irrigation depth required for trees, shrubs, and perennials can vary based on factors such as species, soil type, climate, and stage of growth. However, as a general guideline:
1. Trees:
- For newly planted trees, it's recommended to water deeply to encourage root establishment. This typically involves applying water to the root zone to a depth of about 18-24 inches.
- Once established, mature trees generally require less frequent but deeper watering, aiming to moisten the soil to a depth of 24-36 inches.
2. Shrubs:
- Similar to trees, newly planted shrubs benefit from deep watering to encourage robust root development. Water should penetrate the root zone to a depth of about 12-18 inches.
- Mature shrubs typically require watering to a depth of 12-24 inches, depending on factors such as species, soil moisture retention, and environmental conditions.
3. Perennials:
- Perennials generally have shallower root systems compared to trees and shrubs, so they typically require less water per irrigation event.
- Watering depth for perennials can vary but typically ranges from 6-12 inches, ensuring that the water reaches the root zone where most of the roots are located.
It's important to note that these are general guidelines, and the specific irrigation needs of individual plants may vary. Factors such as soil moisture retention, weather conditions, and plant health should also be considered when determining irrigation depth and frequency. Regular monitoring soil moisture levels and adjusting watering practices accordingly is necessary for maintaining healthy plants.
Three-Month Update: Embracing the Morning Garden Stroll
Every morning, I eagerly embark on my stroll through the garden, savoring the tranquility as I immerse myself in the beauty that surrounds me. But this isn't merely a leisurely walk; it's an opportunity to connect with my garden on a deeper level, to identify and address any issues that may arise.
As I navigate the garden paths, my vigilant eyes scan for signs of unwelcome intruders. At the sight of a pesky weed, I swiftly pluck it from the soil, ensuring that my garden remains pristine and free from unwanted guests. I keep a keen lookout for pests, ready to intervene at the first sighting to stop any potential damage to my beloved plants. And of course, I carefully assess the irrigation needs of each plant, making any necessary adjustments to ensure optimal hydration for my flourishing greenery.
Three months have elapsed since the completion of our front landscape; the once fledgling plants have experienced remarkable growth. Yet, along with this growth comes the inevitable appearance of aphids, particularly on my cherished roses. To combat these unwelcome visitors, I employ two effective methods: a gentle hosing off in the morning to dislodge the pests or the application of neem oil. Applying neem oil in the morning before the pollinators visit the garden minimizes any potential harm to beneficial pollinators. For those seeking more detailed guidance on managing aphids, I recommend referring to the comprehensive resources provided by UC IPM Aphids Pest Management.
Confronting Powdery Mildew Amidst a Wet Spring
Despite our best efforts, recent bouts of wet weather presented a challenge: powdery mildew. Surprisingly, this fungal disease has appeared on two of my prized rose trees, despite careful attention to cultural care practices. With irrigation carefully managed to avoid direct contact with the roses and ample air circulation around the trees, the source of the infection is the wet spring. Undeterred, I turn to my trusted ally, neem oil, administering a thorough spray in the mornings before the garden awakens to ensure the best chance of eradicating the mildew. UC IPM Powdery Mildew Pest Management
As I navigate through these challenges, I am reminded of the dynamic nature of gardening—a journey marked by triumphs and setbacks, growth, and adaptation. With each day that passes, I am grateful for the opportunity to tend to my garden, nurturing it with care and unwavering dedication.
As I reflect on the journey, we've embarked upon to transform our front and back yard landscapes, I am filled with anticipation for the journey ahead. With every step forward, we've encountered challenges, celebrated successes, and learned valuable lessons along the way. But this is just the beginning of our story.
I am excited to continue sharing this journey with you, dear readers, as we witness the growth progression of our plants, navigate through the challenges that arise, and revel in the successes that come our way. Through each season of the upcoming year, I'll be here to document and share with you the evolution of our landscapes, sharing plant information, accompanied by captivating images that capture the essence of our journey.
Together, let's embrace the beauty of nature's transformation and find inspiration in every bloom and bud. Join me as we navigate through the seasons, united in our shared passion for cultivating vibrant and sustainable landscapes. Until next time, let's continue this journey together, one step at a time.
Links to Resources Mentioned in this Article:
Robert Cabral Agricultural Center, 2101 E. Earhart Ave, Stockton, CA
UC Davis Arboretum and Public Gardens, 1046 Garrod Dr, Davis, CAUC Davis Arboretum All Stars
Maximizing Plant Success: Understanding Your Planting Zone and Microclimates
UC IPM Bermudagrass Pest Management
Mulches: The Good, The Bad, and The Really, Really Ugly, presented by Dr. Linda Chalker-Scott